Martin Luther

Martin Luther was born in 1483 in Eisleben, Germany. His father owned a copper mine in nearby Mansfeld. Being raised from the peasantry, his father was determined to see his son ascend to civil service and bring honor to the family. On Halloween of 1517, Luther changed the course of human history when he nailed his 95 Theses to the church door at Wittenberg. He accused the Roman Catholic church of heresy upon heresy.

Martin Luther was the first person to translate and publish the Bible in the commonly-spoken dialect of the German people. 

Sources:
 http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/Martin_Luther0.htm
http://www.greatsite.com/timeline-english-bible-history/martin-luther.html

Renaissance and Reformation

Secular- Not having to do with religion

Florence- city in Italy

Machiavelli- He was an artist

Frescoe- style of painting done with fresh wet plaster

Donatello- sculpture from Florence

Botticelli- designed the church of San Lorenzo

da Vinci- painted the Mona Lisa, he was a painter

Desiderius Erasmus-best known christian humanist

salvation- acceptance into Heaven

indulgence- a release from all or part of a punishment for sin

Lutheranism- major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the theology of Martin Luther

Huldrych Zwingli- was a leader of the Reformation in Switzerland 

Calvinism- justification by faith alone and emphasizes the grace of God 

Aztec Clothing

Who made the clothing? 
The women would weave the fibers into clothing, a task girls were taught as young teenagers.

Where did they get their fibers for the clothes? 
They got fibers from the maguey cactus and then wove the fibers into the clothing. They grew their own cotton.

When did they wear clothes?
At the age of 3 they would start to wear clothing. Before that they wouldn't wear clothes.

How was the clothing made? 
They would make clothes from cotton or ayate fibers which is derived from the maguey cactus.

Why did they wear a little amount of clothing?
Because it was hot in Mexico. 

What did the upper class people wear?
They would wear head dresses with symbols on them with their particular affiliation. They would also wear jewelry such as necklaces, earrings and bracelets.

Rise of the Mongols

Genghis Khan was a very important Mongol khan. He was very loyal to his army. If you treated him with respect, he would treat you the same way. He became so powerful because he united the nomadic tribes. Then after he did that he started the Mongol invasions, which led to him conquering most of Eurasia. The Mongols had very many tactics and strategies. One of the tactics was throw-into-disorder tactic. If the enemy was strong on the battlefield or sheltering in a fort they would herd oxen and wild horses towards the enemy lines to confuse them.

Each Mongol soldier typically maintained 3 or 4 horses. Changing horses often allowed them to travel at high speed for days without stopping or wearing out the animals. The Mongols used siege machines. These machines were an important part of Genghis Khan's warfare, especially when attacking fortified cities. During a siege, the Mongols would gather a group of local residents or soldiers surrendered from previous battles, and would make them go forward first in the battles. This would help the Mongol warriors stay more safe. This was called the Kharash. The Mongols were very smart when it came to technology.

The geography of the Steppe provided important routes for travel and trade. The flat, grassy lands provided a route between Asia and Europe. Living on the Steppe, it was priority to be tough and rugged people to survive; they started to learn around ages 2 or 3 to use a bow and arrow to hunt and kill. The Mongols survived by living a nomadic lifestyle- never staying completely dormant and moving around a lot. They lived in Yurts which they could pack up efficiently and move along to the next area. This is why they were able to conquer so much land. They would rely on their animals. Drinking their blood, milk, and eating their meat are some examples of how they relied on them. The Steppe provided the grassy plains for the animals to graze. The Steppe was very important to the Mongols and caused them to become adaptable to changing conditions.